Water, both quality and quantity, and sanitation are critical for human health and promoting wellbeing. Currently, over 800 million people lack access to safe and reliable water, while over 2.5 billion people lack access to basic sanitation. Every year millions of people die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Despite improvements in access over recent decades, universal access to clean water and sanitation remains a huge challenge. Emerging contaminants, from domestic, industrial and agricultural sources require vigilance and appropriate responses.